Independent third-party laboratory analysis.
The complete mineral composition of Leste Water, tested and verified by Intertek. No marketing claims — just the data.
A proprietary framework that measures how 12 mineral indicators work together — not just whether they pass a test. In a comparison of 22 global natural mineral waters, Leste is the only water with every indicator in the optimal band.
Developed by Leste's research team, The Harmony Index™ is a proprietary framework that measures how minerals work together — not just whether they pass a test. Twelve key indicators. Three bands. One standard.
The same metrics. The same units. One clear winner. See data sources →
| Water Type | Origin | Rock Type | Ca:Mg Calcium : Magnesium 1.7–4.5 1.0–8.0 |
TDS Total Dissolved Solids 100–300 50–500 |
pH Acidity / Alkalinity 6.8–8.0 6.5–8.5 |
NO₃⁻ Nitrate <1.0 <10 |
SMS Structural Mineral Share 0.12–0.35 0.05–0.50 |
Na% Sodium Share <0.10 <0.30 |
HCO₃⁻ Bicarbonate 50–250 20–400 |
Na⁺ Sodium <50 <200 |
SO₄ Sulphate <50 <250 |
Cl Chloride <50 <250 |
SiO₂ Silica 1–50 0.1–100 |
K Potassium 0–10 0–20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leste | Timor-Leste | Limestone | 3.16 | 183 | 7.40 | 0.1 | 0.226 | 0.052 | 110 | 9.6 | 16 | 2 | 2.60 | 1.07 |
| High-TDS Alpine Water | France | Alpine / Sandstone | 3.08 | 309 | 7.20 | 2.1 | 0.343 | 0.021 | 360 | 6.5 | 12.6 | 4.4 | 14.5 | 1 |
| High-Silica Volcanic Water | Fiji | Volcanic | 1.20 | 222 | 7.70 | 0.2 | 0.149 | 0.077 | 130 | 17.1 | 1.30 | 0.2 | 85 | 4.9 |
| Alkaline Volcanic Water | USA | Volcanic | 0.53 | 82 | 8.20 | 0.02 | 0.140 | 0.070 | 55 | 5.7 | 4 | 0.2 | 44 | 0.9 |
| High-Calcium Limestone Water | France | Limestone | 5.00 | 405 | 7.40 | 3.8 | 0.599 | 0.047 | 402 | 19 | 306 | 17 | 27 | 3 |
| Low-TDS Volcanic Water | France | Volcanic | 1.32 | 109 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 0.160 | 0.092 | 65 | 10 | 6.90 | 8.4 | 31.7 | 5.9 |
| Balanced Welsh Spring Water | UK | Sandstone | 1.94 | 150 | 7.20 | 1.0 | 0.333 | 0.127 | 170 | 19 | 20 | 17 | 10 | 1 |
| High-Bicarbonate English Water | UK | Chalk | 14.38 | 312 | 7.20 | 0.5 | 0.394 | 0.025 | 350 | 7.8 | 80 | 15 | 15 | 2 |
| Smooth Tuscan Spring Water | Italy | Sandstone | 5.00 | 180 | 8.0 | 0.5 | 0.213 | 0.036 | 97 | 6.5 | 15 | 6.5 | 8 | 0.8 |
| Ultra-Pure Alpine Water | Italy | Granite | 4.73 | 130 | 7.50 | 0.5 | 0.242 | 0.007 | 87 | 0.9 | 8 | 0.5 | 5 | 0.3 |
| Low-Sodium Mountain Spring Water | USA | Sandstone / Shale | 8.88 | 221 | 7.70 | 1.0 | 0.357 | 0.014 | 176 | 3 | 9 | 3.5 | 18 | 1.3 |
| Balanced Spanish Spring Water | Spain | Limestone | 2.22 | 278 | 7.50 | 2.1 | 0.313 | 0.018 | 284 | 5 | 22 | 8 | 8 | 1 |
| Ultra-Soft Volcanic Water | Korea | Volcanic | 1.22 | 83 | 7.80 | 1.1 | 0.066 | 0.069 | 26 | 5.7 | 2 | 6 | 38 | 1 |
| High-Silica Pristine Water | New Zealand | Volcanic | 2.08 | 160 | 7.20 | 0.02 | 0.025 | 0.069 | 37 | 11 | 0.02 | 0.1 | 89 | 1 |
| Ultra-Soft Pristine Spring | New Zealand | Volcanic | 1.78 | 129 | 6.80 | 0.5 | 0.032 | 0.066 | 18 | 8.5 | 2 | 0.1 | 77.8 | 1 |
| Pure Volcanic Spring Water | New Zealand | Volcanic | 1.94 | 130 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 0.041 | 0.085 | 35 | 11 | 4.50 | 0.1 | 73 | 1 |
| Mineral-Dense Alpine Water | Austria | Alpine Limestone | 2.86 | 722 | 7.16 | 0.00 | 0.221 | 0.020 | 255 | 14.4 | 242 | 20.2 | 14.6 | 1.8 |
| Ice Age Spring Water | Finland | Ice Age Sandstone | 3.92 | 519 | 8.30 | 0.5 | 0.123 | 0.164 | 210 | 85 | 27 | 110 | 14 | 4 |
| Alkaline Artesian Water | Brazil | Aquifer Sandstone | 50.00 | 314 | 10.01 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.334 | 269 | 105 | 7 | 0.4 | 17 | 0.4 |
| Danish Artesian Water | Denmark | Artesian Aquifer | 13.50 | 330 | 7.40 | 1.6 | 0.264 | 0.064 | 249 | 21 | 27 | 32 | 22 | 2 |
| Ice Age Bohemian Water | Czech Republic | Ice Age Granite | 18.00 | 176 | 7.70 | 1.0 | 0.324 | 0.011 | 197 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 11 | 1 |
| Volga Spring Water | Russia | Volcanic / Basalt | 29.00 | 290 | 7.90 | 2.6 | 0.207 | 0.009 | 153 | 2.5 | 24 | 4 | 39 | 2 |
Optimal (gold) and Pass (green) bands are defined by The Harmony Index™, Leste's proprietary analytical framework. View data sources →
All values reported in mg/L unless otherwise stated. Tested by Intertek against WHO guidelines and EU Directive 2009/54/EC.
| Parameter | Leste | WHO Guideline | EU Guideline | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Overall mineral content |
183 mg/L | — | — | Low mineral content |
| pH Acidity / alkalinity |
7.4 | 6.5 – 8.5 | 6.5 – 9.5 | Optimal |
| Calcium (Ca²⁺) Structural mineral |
31.4 mg/L | — | — | Natural |
| Magnesium (Mg²⁺) Structural mineral |
9.94 mg/L | — | — | Natural |
| Sodium (Na⁺) Electrolyte |
9.56 mg/L | max 200 mg/L | max 200 mg/L | Very low |
| Potassium (K⁺) Electrolyte |
1.07 mg/L | — | — | Trace |
| Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) pH buffering |
110 mg/L | — | — | Natural |
| Chloride (Cl⁻) Electrolyte |
2.0 mg/L | max 250 mg/L | max 250 mg/L | Minimal |
| Sulphate (SO₄²⁻) Trace mineral |
16 mg/L | max 250 mg/L | max 250 mg/L | Low |
| Silica (SiO₂) Trace mineral |
2.6 mg/L | — | — | Very low |
| Nitrate (NO₃⁻) Purity indicator |
0.143 mg/L | max 50 mg/L | 50 mg/L | Negligible |
| Fluoride (F⁻) Trace mineral |
0.11 mg/L | max 1.5 mg/L | max 1.5 mg/L | Very low |
| Total Coliforms Microbiological safety |
ND | Not detectable | 0 / 100 mL | Not Detected = Zero |
| E.Coli Microbiological safety |
ND | Not detectable | 0 / 100 mL | Not Detected = Zero |
| Fecal Coliforms Microbiological safety |
ND | Not detectable | 0 / 100 mL | Not Detected = Zero |
| Lead (Pb) Heavy metal |
ND | max 10 µg/L | max 10 µg/L | Not Detected = Zero |
| Arsenic (As) Heavy metal |
ND | max 10 µg/L | max 10 µg/L | Not detected |
| Cadmium (Cd) Heavy metal |
ND | max 3 µg/L | max 3 µg/L | Not detected |
| Mercury (Hg) Heavy metal |
ND | max 6 µg/L | max 1 µg/L | Not detected |
| Chromium (Cr) Heavy metal |
ND | max 50 µg/L | max 50 µg/L | Not detected |
| Iron (Fe) Trace element |
ND | max 0.3 mg/L | max 0.2 mg/L | Not detected |
| Manganese (Mn) Trace element |
ND | max 0.4 mg/L | max 0.05 mg/L | Not detected |
| Aluminium (Al) Trace element |
ND | max 0.2 mg/L | max 0.2 mg/L | Not detected |
| Zinc (Zn) Trace element |
ND | max 3 mg/L | — | Not detected |
| Copper (Cu) Trace element |
ND | max 2 mg/L | max 1 mg/L | Not detected |
| Nitrite (NO₂⁻) Purity indicator |
ND | max 3 mg/L | max 0.1 mg/L | Not detected |
| Ammonium (NH₄⁺) Organic contamination |
ND | max 0.5 mg/L | — | Not detected |
| Strontium (Sr) Trace element |
0.244 mg/L | — | — | Trace |
| Total Nitrogen (as N) Nutrient |
0.41 mg/L | — | — | Low |
| Total Phosphate (as PO₄) Nutrient |
0.128 mg/L | — | — | Low |
| Total Hardness (as CaCO₃) Water hardness |
119 mg/L | — | — | Moderately soft |
| Conductivity Ion concentration |
272 µS/cm | — | — | Low |
| Turbidity Clarity |
0.05 NTU | max 5 NTU | — | Crystal clear |
| Color Visual purity |
<1 Pt-Co | max 15 Pt-Co | — | Colorless |
| Odour Sensory quality |
None | — | — | Neutral |
| Taste Sensory quality |
Neutral / Pleasant | — | — | Optimal |
| Pesticides: Tested for 20 different pesticides — ND | ||||
| PCBs: Tested for 12 different polychlorinated biphenyls — ND | ||||
| Additional metals: Antimony, Barium, Beryllium, Boron, Cobalt, Molybdenum, Nickel, Selenium, Silver — ND | ||||
Numbers without context are just numbers. Here's what the lab report actually means for you.
One of the lowest nitrate levels in natural mineral water. Well below the WHO limit of 50 mg/L — safe for infants, babies, and mothers.
Not detected in any batch. Protected source + deep aquifer + sealed bottling = zero bacterial contamination.
Heart-friendly mineral water. Suitable for low-sodium diets without sacrificing taste or hydration.
From 300-million-year-old limestone — not added in a factory. The calcium-bicarbonate balance your body actually recognizes.
Near-neutral. Gentle on the stomach. No acidic bite, no alkaline aftertaste. Just balanced, naturally.
Lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury — all not detected. The limestone formation acts as a natural filter that has been stable for 300 million years.
Third-party validation you can verify yourself.
Independent laboratory analysis Intertek report. Complete chemical and microbiological testing of every batch.
Quality Management System certification ensuring consistent processes and continuous improvement across production, testing, and distribution.
Food Safety Management System certification covering hazard analysis, traceability, and supply chain integrity from source to bottle.
Mineral composition and health implications referenced on this page are based on published scientific studies and independent laboratory analysis. Leste Water does not make unverified medical claims.
Expert meeting report (2009) on drinking-water minerals as contributors to total dietary intake and potential cardiovascular health benefits.
RCT in 12 healthy volunteers showing favourable urinary pH and magnesium/citrate excretion from bicarbonate-rich mineral water. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004.
Case-control study of 17,133 deaths in Taiwan demonstrating protective effect of drinking-water magnesium. Stroke. 1999.
Review of bicarbonate-rich mineral water effects on urinary pH, kidney stone risk, and bone resorption markers. Nutrients. 2025.
Classification and clinical evidence for gastrointestinal, biliary, and cardiometabolic effects of natural mineral waters. J Prev Med Hyg. 2017.
Foundational paediatric study on infant renal solute load, sodium metabolism, and dehydration risk. J Pediatr. 1999.
Geological survey documenting volcanic rock water contains ~7× the silica of limestone aquifer water. American Journal of Science. 1964.
Read the full geological story — or discover why limestone wins.